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AN INDO-PAK COLLOQIUM ON THE ‘PUGWASH’ MODEL

By
M.L. Sondhi
Associate Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University

A new impetus has been given to bridge-building between New Delhi and Islamabad by the preliminary settlement between D.P. Dhar and his opposite number.  There is, however much to be gained by conceiving of conflict-resolution as a process which is multi-dimensional.  Political scientists have elaborated on the need to reorient the perspective of the audiences facing the decision-makers of countries which are seeking a peace based on mutual interests.  It is time to examine sophisticated but practical techniques which can facilitate intellectual communication between the two sides so that the widest realisation of détente appears as a feasible alternative to both Indian and Pakistani publics, and not merely to a handful of political executives.

The task of discovering and consolidating an Indo-Pakistan security system requires progress towards a political climate free of tension and anxiety.  The history of the Pugwash Conference shows that a great deal can be done to build an effective structure of integrated security objectives which can replace the framework of military confrontation by establishing communication through scientific and cultural relations.  A study of the unorthodox methods used by the organizers of Pugwash reveals innovative techniques for incorporating social, political, economic and scientific information into the respective decision systems.  This process helps identify meaningful alternative courses of action.  The parochial outlook engendered by the disastrous pattern of historical conflict can be bypassed by a bilateral study group which serves as a catalyst for proposals which stand up to logical examination.  The emphasis on scientific and technological collaboration is in the Pugwash perspective really an effort to break the old pattern of rivalry by measuring national performance not through a purely military calculus but through a comprehensive assessment of emerging possibilities in international scientific, economic and social co-operation.  The Vienna declaration which was adopted by the 1958 Pugwash Conference represented a major commitment in favour of social responsibility devolving on scientists and other intellectuals for conflict-management.

The Pugwash consultations brought together thinkers as different as Walt Rostow, Leo Szilard, Peter Kapitza and Alexander Topchiev, and helped to enlarge the basis of cooperation between the United States and Soviet Union.  India and Pakistan are at the threshold of a new era in their mutual relations, but it is the Indian side which is in a position of advantage to play a crucial role in laying the groundwork for future transformation.  Political summitry in the absence of an organised effort to discover new opportunities for social forces to interact with the help of science, technology and culture will fail to release the tremendous potential for human welfare which the renewing of Indo-Pakistan ties can hopefully secure.

A small group of Indian media specialists, physical scientists and social scientists should, therefore, take the initiative to begin a dialogue with a similar group in Pakistan.  The topics of the programme for the Indo-Pakistan Colloquium should be on the following lines: 1) Elimination of tensions; 2) New techniques for avoiding the use of force; 3) Linking the two information systems; 4) Conservation of the Environment; 5) Probable futures for India and Pakistan.